America's 10 Most Dangerous Bodies Of Water

There's no question that America has many beautiful lakes, rivers, and coastlines. But it's also a fact that an average of 4,000 drownings occur annually in the US, many within these same beautiful waters. Places that appear idyllic can possess an undercurrent of danger that often goes unnoticed.

Following is a list of 10 of the most hazardous waters in the United States.

1. Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan is a captivating body of water that also has sudden and vigorous rip currents, which sadly have led to a series of tragic drowning deaths every year. From 2010 to 2016, Lake Michigan emerged as the site of more drownings and rescue operations than any of the other Great Lakes. The tranquil picture that the lake often presents is in stark contrast with its dangerous undercurrents.

2. Colorado River

While the Colorado River boasts breathtaking beauty, all is not as calm as it looks. The dangerous rapids and currents found there are not to be underestimated; even experienced swimmers and boaters have struggled and the area has seen numerous deaths. Water temperatures can be extremely cold. Underwater hazards such as trees and other debris can pop up out of nowhere, leaving dangerous conditions for even expert-level whitewater rafters. And remember, this is the river whose forces carved the massive Grand Canyon.

3. Potomac River — Great Falls area

The Great Falls area of the Potomac River displays dazzling beauty with water flowing over the steep, jagged rocks. But it's an area that harbors concealed water danger. Treacherous undercurrents, dangerous rocks, and rapids have resulted in several accidents. Swimming is strictly prohibited in this area and if the warnings are ignored, rescue is extremely difficult.

4. Hanakapiai Beach

Hanakapiai Beach is one of many breathtaking beach areas in Hawaii. It's a beautiful place to hike, but the waters command the utmost respect. The hidden currents are incredibly strong—and dangerous. The reason? There are no offshore reefs in this area to provide a barrier against water swells. The beach may look peaceful, but the waters can pull someone far away from shore and into danger in an instant, and there are no lifeguards.

5. Lake Tahoe

Straddling the border of California and Nevada, Lake Tahoe is an inviting area of crystal-clear waters, an enticement to anyone. The surface may look tranquil, but the strong currents and sudden depths require caution. The maximum water depth is 1,645 feet (501 meters) with unexpected drop-offs that can startle even the most experienced swimmers. Adding to the complexity, the cold water temperatures pose challenges, potentially catching those off guard who dare to take the plunge. The area has seen numerous drownings over the years.

6. Yukon River

Amid the rugged splendor of Alaska's wilderness, its rivers reveal a landscape of both beauty and challenges. Cold water temperatures, swift currents, and floating debris create a dangerous environment, demanding extreme care from both boaters and swimmers. One prime example is the Yukon River, which snakes its way through Alaska. It's renowned for its icy waters, potent currents, and difficult conditions that increase the risk of accidents, leading to boater deaths.

7. Delaware River

The Delaware River has a level of danger that has played a role in numerous boating and swimming accidents over the years. Its deceptively strong undercurrents can lead to trouble if you haven't taken proper precautions. Always wear a life jacket in the waters, don't overestimate your swimming ability, and be aware of changing water conditions.

8. San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay might look inviting, but don't be fooled by its appearance. This picturesque body of water comes with its fair share of challenges, including chilly temperatures, robust rip currents, and gusty winds. The bay has a history of accidents and even fatalities involving swimmers and boaters. There's also the potential added danger of Great White Sharks lurking in the waters. These are some of the reasons Alcatraz, located in San Francisco Bay and a federal prison as early as the Civil Way, was considered escape proof. Alcatraz, now part of the National Park system, is no longer a prison.

9. Lake Lanier

Lake Lanier in Georgia might seem like a slice of paradise, but there's more than meets the eye. Concealed obstacles, unpredictable currents, and a steady crowd create a challenging scene for swimmers and boaters. And the outcome of these challenges is that Lake Lanier has witnessed numerous unfortunate incidents, including fatalities and accidents. The manmade lake was formed over an old cemetery, leading to spooky stories and an air of mystery surrounding the waters.

10. New River, West Virginia

West Virginia's New River is a waterway that's far from ordinary. The currents and volume of flowing water should not be underestimated. This river has a reputation for being unpredictable, especially if you aren't familiar with the hidden dangers it holds. The river's water level can change daily, making what was once safe an entirely different situation the next day. In addition,  there are deep holes, rocky bottoms, and swift currents. 

28 Incorrect 'Facts' You May Have Learned In School—part 2 of 2

Last week I shared 14 of the 28 Incorrect Facts with you in part 1 of my 2-part blog. This week I'm sharing the other 14. Like many myths, these stories often have their roots planted in truth, it just isn't what you learned in school.

MYTH: Bats are blind

If this were true, would Bruce Wayne really model his superhero identity of Batman after an animal that can't see? You've probably heard someone use the phrase blind as a bat to describe a person. Contrary to this widespread belief, bats are not blind. Large bats are said to see three times better than humans. In addition to a normal sense of sight, bats rely on a technique at night known as echolocation. In low-light environments, as the term echolocation suggests, they are able to locate the source of sounds based on echoes that are produced. This is particularly helpful when trying to find prey and other food sources.

MYTH: Tilting your head back will stop a nosebleed

As a child, you might have been taught to tilt your head back in order to stop a nosebleed. Doctors agree this is not the solution. In the case of a nosebleed, you should tilt your head forward and pinch right below the bridge of your nose to stop the flow of blood rushing out of your nostrils. Tilting your head back might actually lead to more damage. It can cause blood to enter your throat which leads to your stomach and further unpleasant complications.

MYTH: When you swallow gum, it stays in your body for seven years

Gum will stay in your body for some time, but nowhere near seven years. Unlike most food, gum can't be broken down by the body's enzymes and acids. Therefore, that piece of gum goes straight through your system without being dissolved or broken into smaller pieces, and is later expelled. Even though swallowing a wad of gum accidentally or on purpose won't cause it to stay with you for a long period of time, it's probably best to just spit it out when you're finished. There have been rare cases of children having internal issues due to swallowed gum.

MYTH: Camels store water in their humps

You might have been taught that the purpose of a camel's hump is to store water, but this is not true. Some camels have one hump while others have two, but regardless of quantity, they serve the same purpose—to store fat. The stored fat serves as a substitute for food when camels are traveling long distances with limited available resources. According to Animal Planet, a camel can use the fat as an energy source to replace approximately three weeks of food. It's the camel's red blood cells that account for its ability to last one week without water. Unlike other creatures, a camel has oval-shaped blood cells that are more flexible and enable them to store large portions of water.

MYTH: You must drink eight glasses of water a day

The origin of this myth isn't entirely clear, but it is believed that people were convinced of this health rule after the Food and Drug Administration suggested it as a guideline in a 1945 published paper. The truth is that you don't need to drink eight glasses of water each day. Your body will still receive necessary hydration from other fluids and foods. It's probably best to drink a healthy amount of water and indulge in a moderate amount of less healthy beverages (like sugary ones). The most important thing is remembering that your body needs to maintain a balance since fluids are constantly entering and leaving the body. The amount of hydration needed also varies from person to person, since there are factors like age, health conditions, and activity level to consider.

MYTH: There's a five-second rule that applies to food that falls on the floor

If you've ever dropped a piece of food on the floor and quickly picked it up within five seconds, deeming it safe to eat, you have been misguided by a popular health myth. According to the five-second rule, food that falls on the floor is acceptable to consume as long as it hasn't stayed on the unclean surface for more than five seconds. Research has found that the rule is not accurate or applicable. While it's true that the longer dropped food stays on a surface the more germs it attracts, but food will instantly become contaminated as soon as it hits the floor.

MYTH: An apple a day keeps the doctor away

While the nursery rhyme has the laudable goal of getting kids to eat more fruit, it doesn't really work. Apples have vitamin C and fiber, but they are far from containing all the nutrients people need to stay healthy. The best diet you could have is one that consistently gives you a well-rounded group of nutrients. One that uses a lot of vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats is probably ideal.

MYTH: You can catch a cold just by being cold

It makes some kind of intuitive and linguistic sense—if you're cold and uncomfortable, your health will suffer and you'll catch a cold. But that's not quite how it works. In reality, viruses that cause people to catch colds predominate in North America during the winter. Furthermore, people tend to stay indoors when it's cold and in close quarters, enabling viruses to spread more easily. Low indoor humidity, which happens when the heater is on, is also conducive to the flu. So it isn't so much the cold causing colds. It's the cold weather creating conditions where colds spread.

MYTH: You'll get cancer if you stand too close to the microwave

You might have been taught as a child that you shouldn't stand in front of the microwave because of potential effects on your health. This is mainly due to concerns over radiation exposure. Radiation exists on a spectrum, and the radio frequency radiation used by the kitchen appliance is low-energy which is not harmful. According to the American Cancer Society, the energy emitted by microwave ovens is contained within the device and if used correctly "there is no evidence that they pose a health risk to people."

MYTH: If you shave your facial hair, it'll grow back thicker

A biologist who has studied hair for more than 30 years said that has not proven to be true. A razor cleanly cuts the hair, which results in blunt ends. Once the hair grows back, it might feel thicker because of the bluntness.

MYTH: If you eat plenty of carrots, you'll have great eyesight

The exact origin of this myth isn't clear, but it's believed that it became a widespread idea during World War II. When the British issued citywide blackouts in their attempt to defeat the German air forces, one UK soldier, John Cunningham successfully shot down planes. From there, the country started spreading posters and other propaganda that credited carrots as the reason for his exceptional night vision. This was believed to be a myth spread by the government to hide the knowledge of radar from the Germans. The bottom line is that although carrots are high in Vitamin A, you won't have magically superior eyesight or night vision.

MYTH: Sharks can smell a drop of blood from miles away

Sharks are known for having an acute sense of smell. Although they have a better sense of smell than many other creatures, they cannot detect a single drop of blood that's miles away. These predators can pick up on small amounts of different chemicals in the water, but there are other factors that should be taken into consideration (like what kind of substance and the speed of the water current). Some shark species can detect a drop in an Olympic-sized swimming pool while others can sense chemicals up to a few hundred meters away.

MYTH: Milk is good for you

Yes, that's right. The proven health benefits of milk are few and far between. It's mostly the product of an enormously successful advertising campaign. But humans are the only mammals to consume milk during adulthood. And while no one disputes that milk contains essential nutrients to help children's bodies grow, study after study shows there's no evidence milk does much good for older children or adults.

MYTH: Coffee stunts children's growth

It's a myth grown-ups use to stop kids from drinking coffee—it will stunt your growth and make you shorter later in life. The idea behind it is that caffeine limits the body's ability to absorb calcium, which is important for the growth of younger children in particular. But the overall idea that caffeine is going to significantly stunt growth is bunk.

28 Incorrect 'Facts' You May Have Learned In School—part 1 of 2

I recently came across a list of 28 things you may have learned in school that have since been proven wrong. I'm going to share 14 of them with you in this blog and the remaining 14 in next week's blog. Like many myths, these stories often have their roots planted in truth, it just isn't what you learned in school.

MYTH: Chameleons change colors to camouflage themselves

Chameleons are thought of as spiky lizards that change the color of their skins to fit in with their surroundings. While their color-changing abilities are real, it's their way of maintaining a certain body temperature and communicating with other chameleons rather than a means of hiding from predators.

MYTH: Christopher Columbus discovered America

The belief that Christopher Columbus discovered America is still widespread. The U.S. even has a federal holiday honoring him. A 2005 survey from the University of Michigan showed that 85% of Americans believed Columbus discovered the continent while 2% of those surveyed answered that Columbus couldn't have discovered the land now known as America because millions of Native Americans already lived here. The first European to land on the North American continent is widely accepted by historians to be the Viking explorer Leif Erikson who sailed from Greenland to Newfoundland in what is now Canada around 1000 A.D., almost 500 years before Columbus set sail. However, Columbus is historically significant because his 1492 voyage (he never reached the North American continent but did land in the Caribbean Islands) paved the way for European imperialism in the Western Hemisphere.

MYTH: You can only taste certain things on certain parts of your tongue

According to the tongue map myth, different parts of your tongue are for different sorts of tastes—the back of your tongue detects bitter tastes, the front takes in sweet tastes, etc. This is wrong. Taste receptors are all over your tongue, and they all detect all kinds of tastes. It's true that some taste buds are more receptive to certain kinds of tastes than others, but the difference is slight, and the locations of those taste buds aren't in accordance with the tongue map.

MYTH: Sir Isaac Newton "discovered" gravity when an apple fell on his head

Newton's apple legend isn't true. But like many urban legends, it's an embellished version of something that actually happened. An apple didn't fall on Newton's head, but Newton did start theorizing about gravity when he saw an apple falling from a tree. Of course, today our account of physics is far more precise than Newton's notion of gravity.

MYTH: Albert Einstein failed math in school and was a terrible student

It's an attractive idea for young kids. Even if you're not a good student, you can still bloom as a genius later in life. Examples of late-blooming talents are everywhere, but Einstein isn't one of them. Not only was he an excellent student in math, he was excellent in everything. The myth that he flunked a math class may be from the time he failed the entrance exam to the Zurich Polytechnic. At that time, he was still a couple of years away from high school graduation and he only spoke a little bit of French—the language used on the exam. He did pass the mathematics section, but failed the language, botany, and zoology sections.

MYTH: Diamonds are made from ultra-pressurized coal

Both coal and diamonds are formed from carbon under the surface of the Earth, which is the origin of this myth. However, the carbon that forms diamonds is much more pure, and the process requires a lot more heat and pressure.

MYTH: According to laws of aviation, there is no way a bee should be able to fly

According to the myth, its wings are too small to get its fat little body off the ground. The bee flies anyway because bees don't care what humans think. This is, of course, wrong. Bumblebees can fly. The idea may have developed because bumblebees are pretty big and their wings are pretty small. There's a difference between a real-life biological being and a mathematical model of that being. Honeybees fly by flapping their wings really fast.

MYTH: Convicted witches in America were burned at the stake

While convicted witches in France were burned, witches in England were hanged instead. The English tradition made its way to the American colonies during the Salem Witch Trials and other places of anti-witch hysteria. All the convicted witches in Salem who went to their death were hanged, with one exception. That sole exception is Giles Corey, who was pressed under large stones.

MYTH: Pluto is no longer considered a planet

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) originally classified Pluto as the ninth planet that orbits the sun. In 2005, Eris, another really big space rock 27% larger than Pluto that also orbits the sun, was discovered. The IAU re-evaluated what a planet actually is and ended up with criteria that neither Pluto nor Eris met. So neither could be one of the major planets that go around the sun. Instead, the two are considered dwarf planets. Pluto is still a planet, it's now just a dwarf planet.

MYTH: The Great Wall of China is the only man-made structure that can be seen from space

This depends on your definition of space. It's worth noting that while man-made structures like the Great Wall are visible from satellites orbiting Earth, they're not visible at all from the moon. Secondly, the structures you can see largely depend on the weather and how high the orbit is. Given the proper conditions, astronauts in the International Space Station can see major cities, the Great Pyramids of Giza, and some big bridges from their orbits.

MYTH: Raindrops are tear-shaped

According to the United States Geographical Survey website, raindrops are shaped more like hamburger buns or beans. When they get really large, they split in two. Only then do they turn into a teardrop shape but quickly become burger buns again.

MYTH: You can't start a sentence with a conjunction

You've probably been taught in school that you can't start sentences with but or and. But, as anyone who writes fiction will tell you, you most certainly can. Some grammar rules in the English language are unbreakable yet are broken anyway. The important thing to remember is that different publishers have different house styles. Each publisher will set its own rules about grammar, like deciding whether to permit starting sentences with conjunctions or allowing sentences to end with a preposition.

MYTH: Deoxygenated blood is blue

A common myth is that oxygenated blood is red and deoxygenated blood is blue, but this belief is inaccurate. While glancing at your skin, you may be lead to think that the veins below the surface are carrying blood that is a different color than red. This is actually the result of how you perceive light and the way body tissues are absorbed. Blood that leaves the heart is full of oxygen and bright red, while blood that travels to the heart is dark red. So, even though your veins might appear blue, green, or purple, the blood that flows in them is red (unless you are an extra-terrestrial being, then all bets are off).

MYTH: Humans only use 10% of their brains

The origin of this myth is unclear, but the idea that humans are storing approximately 90 percent untapped abilities in the brain is not true. Scientists have repeatedly been outspoken about this false claim, which has also been perpetuated by movies. All the neurons in your brain may not be firing at the same time, but that doesn't mean that parts of your brain are totally inactive. According to a neurologist at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. "Let's put it this way: The brain represents 3% of the body's weight and uses 20% of the body's energy."

Stop by next week for part 2 of my 2-part blog about Incorrect Facts You May Have Learned In School.

Antarctica’s Blood Red Waterfall

A few years ago, I saw a photograph somewhere (probably in a magazine) showing a red waterfall flowing out of an Antarctic glacier. It grabbed my curiosity and I eventually looked into what it really was with the results coming as a surprise.

One of the world's most extreme deserts is probably the last place anyone would expect to find a waterfall. However, in Antarctica's McMurdo Dry Valley, a five-story waterfall pours slowly out of the Taylor Glacier into Lake Bonney. And it's not just the idea of a flowing waterfall in the frozen world of Antarctica that's strange. The waterfall is bright red, resembling blood running from a cut in the glacier.

Before you start scratching your head and wondering how that's possible—it's obviously not blood that lends Blood Falls its unique red color. Five million years ago, sea levels rose resulting in the formation of a salty lake in East Antarctica. Millions of years later, glaciers formed on top of the lake, cutting it off from the rest of the Antarctic continent, which makes the water in Blood Falls an aqueous time capsule preserved 400 meters (1300 feet) underground. As the glaciers on top of the lake began to freeze, the water below became even saltier. Today, the salt content of the subglacial lake under Blood Falls is three times saltier than seawater which makes it too salty to freeze. The subglacial lake that feeds Blood Falls is trapped beneath a quarter mile of ice.

But in addition to being cut off from the rest of the continent, the water that feeds Blood Falls is completely cut off from the atmosphere—it has never experienced sunlight and is completely devoid of oxygen. It's also extremely rich in iron. And it's that iron, scraped into the water by glaciers sliding across the bedrock below the lake, that's responsible for the red color. When water from the subglacial lake seeps through a fissure in the glacier, the salty water cascades down the Taylor Glacier into Lake Bonney below. When the iron-rich water comes into contact with the air, it rusts which stains the ice a blood red color as it falls.

The color of Blood Falls isn't the only weird thing about it. What lives inside the subglacial lake interests scientists more than the waterfall's creepy color. Millions of years ago, when those glaciers covered the salt lakes, there were microbes living in the water, and those microbes haven't gone anywhere, even though the water is now an extremely salty, oxygen-free bowl of complete darkness buried 400 meters under a glacier. Much like bacteria found living near deep sea thermal vents, the microbes of Blood Falls get their energy from breaking apart sulfates which contain oxygen. After that, something eerily magical happens with the by-products—the iron in the water interacts with the microbes to restore the sulfates, basically recycling the sulfates for the microbes to break down into oxygen over and over again. Possibly a life form to be considered immortal.

If you're thinking about visiting Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valley and the Blood Falls can only be reached by helicopter from nearby Antarctic research stations or from cruise ships visiting the Ross Sea.

Phobias For The Twenty-First Century

Phobias…those irrational fears of just about anything you can think of.  Most of them have been out there for centuries (if not longer).  Some of them have been handed down through families.

But like so many other things that have arrived with the twenty-first century, it has also brought us a whole new collection of things to provide irrational fears (after all, you can't have too many irrational fears). Good luck pronouncing some of these.

Nomophobia is the fear of not having cell phone contact, whether it's due to a dead battery or because your network doesn't have coverage where you are.  A fate worse than death?

Vidigameaphobia is the fear of video games.  This can cover everything from simply being afraid of the games to the fear that the games could come to life.  A game coming to life?  Or better yet, the star of that game coming to life? Hmm…maybe I need to buy that new game with the drop dead gorgeous hero after all.

Interphobia is exactly what it sounds like…fear of the world wide web.  Now that's a phobia to avoid at all costs.

Dextrophobia and its counterpart Levophobia offers us a couple of really strange phobias.  Dextrophobia is the fear of everything to the right of your body while Levophobia is the fear of everything to the left of your body.

Coulrophobia has actually been around for a long time and is still going strong.  It's the fear of clowns.  Didn't Stephen King have a clown as one of his evil entities?

Alektorophobia is an extreme fear of live chickens.  Maybe the scope of the fear should be expanded to include people who look like Col. Sanders?

Pupaphobia is related to Coulrophobia.  They might even be first cousins.  It's the fear of puppets.  Not sure what you'd call the fear of a clown puppet.

Sesquipedalophobia, as the length of the word suggests, is the fear of very long words.  Wouldn't a shorter word be more appropriate as the name of the fear of very long words?

Cathisophobia is one that those of us working at computers need to avoid at all costs.  It's the fear of sitting.

Genuphobia is the fear of knees.  That must be really difficult in summer when warm weather clothing means lots of knees sticking out there for anyone to see.

And here's a bonus phobia to carry us through the twenty-first century.  This has to be the ultimate fear:  Phobophobia.  Yep, it's exactly what it sounds like…a fear of fears.

My primary fear is bugs and other creepy crawler things.  Of course, my fear, unlike those listed here, is completely rational.  Do you have any fears (rational or irrational) you'd like to share?

History Of Labor Day Holiday

The Labor Day holiday is celebrated on the first Monday in September.  This is the same day that Canada celebrates their Labor Day holiday.  This year, that date is September 1, 2025.

The history of Labor Day in the U.S. goes back to the labor movement of the late 1800s and became an official federal holiday in 1894, celebrated with parties, parades, and athletic events. Prior to 1894, workers who wanted to participate in Labor Day parades would forfeit a day's pay.

Over the ensuing decades, Labor Day has come to symbolize something else, too. In defiance of the Summer Solstice and Autumnal Equinox signaling the official beginning and ending of summer on the calendar, Labor Day has become the unofficial end of the summer season that unofficially started on Memorial Day weekend (the fourth Monday in May in the U.S.).

What led up to the creation of a holiday specifically designated to honor and celebrate the workers and their accomplishments? The seeds were planted in the 1880s at the height of America's Industrial Revolution when the average American worked 12 hour days/7 days a week in order to manage a basic living. Although some states had restrictions, these workers included children as young as 5 years old who labored in the mills, factories, and mines earning a fraction of the money paid to the adults in the same workplace. Workers of all ages were subjected to extremely unsafe working conditions in addition to insufficient access to fresh air and sanitary facilities.

Labor Unions had first appeared in the late 1700s. As America changed from an agrarian society into an industrial one, these labor unions became more vocal and began to organize rallies and strikes in protest of poor working conditions and low wages. Many of these events turned violent. One prominent such incident was the Haymarket Riot of 1886 where several Chicago policemen and workers were killed. Other rallies were of a more positive nature such as September 5, 1882, when 10,000 workers took unpaid time off from their jobs and held the first Labor Day parade in U.S. history when they marched from City Hall to Union Square in New York City.

It was another 12 years before Congress legalized the holiday. This was primarily brought about on May 11, 1894, when employees at the Pullman Palace Car Company in Chicago went on strike to protest wage cuts and the firing of union representatives. Then on June 26, the American Railroad Union called for a boycott of all Pullman railway cars thus crippling railroad traffic nationwide. To break the strike, the government sent troops to Chicago. The resulting riots were responsible in the deaths of more than a dozen workers. As a result, Congress passed an act making Labor Day a legal holiday in all states, the District of Columbia and the territories (several of which later became states).

And now, more than a century later, the true founder of Labor Day still hasn't been identified. So, for everyone enjoying this 3 day holiday weekend, you may not know who was responsible, but now you know why you have that additional day, why banks and public schools are closed, and why you don't have any mail delivery.  :) 

Crazy Things Confiscated By Customs Inspectors

Excluding the disruptions created by the Coronavirus pandemic, just getting on an airplane under normal circumstances is a cause for nervous tension due to full body scanners, intrusive pat-downs, long lines at airport security check points, and what seems to be a constantly changing list of what you can and can't take on the plane.  All-in-all, flying is not the fun experience it used to be.

And that's just on domestic flights.  You add to that the need to clear passport control and customs on international flights, both entering a foreign country and coming home, and it's enough to make your head spin.

There's certainly been enough written about what seems to be the ever changing TSA restrictions and requirements, so I won't dwell on those.  But I did find an interesting list of contraband seized by Customs inspectors around the world…a bit more than trying to sneak in an extra bottle of wine hidden in your suitcase on your return flight from France.

And here is that list.

10)  Shoes Stuffed With Heroin:  Smugglers might be a scheming lot, but that doesn't mean they always use their brains.  In October 2010, a 32 year old US citizen and her younger brother disembarked from a Caribbean cruise and were tagged by Customs for a secondary screening process.  When they opened the woman's luggage they found 15 pairs of 1980s style men's shoes…definitely suspicious items for a woman to be bringing back from the Caribbean.  They discovered over 6 kilos of heroin duct taped inside the shoes.

9)  Human Skulls:  Not the creepy Halloween decorations.  In September 2010, two American tourists had 6 human skulls confiscated from their luggage at the Athens International Airport in Greece.  They had purchased the 6 skulls at a souvenir shop on the island of Mykonos and thought they were fake.  They were charged with desecrating the dead.

8)  Tiger Cub:  The 3 month old tiger cub was found sedated and hidden among stuffed animal tigers inside a woman's luggage at Bangkok International Airport when the oversize suitcase went through an X-ray machine.  The woman was headed to Iran where the tiger cub could have brought in more than $3,000 on the black market.  The cub was sent to a wildlife conservation center and the woman faced wildlife smuggling charges and fines.

7)  Fake $100,000 Bills:  In 2009, agents confiscated two $100,000 counterfeit bills from a passenger arriving at New York's JFK Airport from Seoul.  In 1934, rare $100,000 bills were printed to be circulated between the U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve Banks.  The bills were never put into general circulation.  The man claimed to have found the bills in an old book belonging to his father.  The bills were turned over to the Secret Service.

6)  Cocaine Cast:  A leg in a cast can garner some sympathy, but it didn't work for a Chilean passenger arriving at the Barcelona, Spain, airport from Santiago.  Customs agents decided to spray the cast with a chemical that turns bright blue when it comes in contact with cocaine.  And it did.

5)  Bear Paws:  And I'm not talking about the pastry, either (which are actually bear claws).  In October 2010, a dozen genuine furry bear paws were confiscated from a Vietnam man's luggage in Ho Chi Minh City Airport upon his return from Hong Kong.  Bear paw soup is considered a delicacy.

4)  Snakes and Lizards:  You're familiar with the movie, Snakes On A Plane?  Well, in 2009 a would be smuggler taped 14 snakes and 10 lizards onto his body in an attempt to sneak them into Norway.  Oddly enough, it was a tarantula spotted in his luggage that led to a full body search.

3)  Bonytongue Fish:  Having an airline lose your luggage is an inconvenience.  However, it's even worse when you're smuggling fish in your suitcases.  In 2009 a man returning from Malaysia to his home in Queens, New York City, unfortunately did not have his luggage arrive on the same flight.  The next day a Customs agent doing random checks on lost luggage discovered 16 fish packed in individual plastic bags and cushioned with Styrofoam.  Considered good luck charms in Asian cultures, they sell for $5,000 to $10,000 apiece.

2)  Rhinoceros Horns:  Ireland is not where you'd expect to find pieces of safari animals.  Over a period of time in late 2009 and 2010, three Irish passengers were busted at Shannon Airport for smuggling 10 rhinoceros horns valued at approximately 500,000 Euros at the time, which at today's exchange rate (today being August 15, 2025, with the exchange rate of 1 Euro = $1.17 U.S.) is $585,000.  Rhino horns are often ground down and used as a prized ingredient in Chinese medicine.

1)  Snake Wine:  A glass of snake wine might not have the same appeal as a nice Merlot or Chardonnay.  But in Southeast Asian countries, a whole snake soaking in alcohol is a specialty.  In May 2009 a routine Customs inspection in Miami revealed a cobra and other poisonous snakes packed into a jar of liquid in an express mail package from Thailand.

It makes that additional bottle of Merlot or Chardonnay wrapped inside the sweater and stuffed into the corner of a suitcase not seem as bad.

13 Bizarre Pirate Traditions Most People Don't Know About

Pirates have a reputation for being ruthless bloodthirsty killers. They also developed some strange habits that made them infamous. Just like the Vikings who created odd rituals, pirates used codes to govern their lives on the high sea. Their code was an agreement among marauders that established a sort of law among the lawless.

Pirate Earrings Served A Practical Purpose

Pirate ships were outfitted with numerous cannons. Cannonballs were accompanied by a loud blast and were known to deafen. Pirates would hang wads of wax from their earrings to prevent this sound damage. They popped the waxy contraptions into their ears like a makeshift earplug when firing cannons.

Pirates spent their lives on the high seas but they didn't want to spend death at the bottom of an ocean. The infamous pirate earrings were actually insurance to make sure that they'd be given a proper burial. Whether gold or silver, the precious metal could be melted down and sold to pay for a casket and other funeral necessities even if a pirate's dead body washed ashore. Some pirates went so far as to engrave the name of their home port on the inside of the earrings so their bodies could be sent there for proper burial.

There were many myths about the otherworldly properties of pirate earrings. One tale claimed that they could prevent sea sickness while another suggested that the precious metals could cure bad eyesight. Many pirates believed that a gold earring could prevent a man from drowning, but that myth was disproved a number of times.

No One Ever Wanted To See The Pirate Flag

The Jolly Roger flag that flew from pirate masts was terrifying but the most dreaded sea flag was red. A ship hoisting a red flag warned its enemies that no mercy would be given to a captured ship. Everyone on board would be killed immediately. The red flag was sometimes called the Bloody Red and if it replaced a skull and crossbones flag, the pirates under siege might sometimes jump ship.

Pirates Weren’t All Missing An Eye—the Patches Had Another Purpose

Some pirates were definitely missing eyes. Other pirates wore eye patches for different reasons. By wearing an eye patch, they could always keep one eye adjusted to night vision. Pirates spent a lot of time going from the bright light above deck to the darkness below deck, especially when they were raiding ships or defending their own. If he lifted his patch before going below deck, a pirate could instantly see even if there was only a little light.

A Secret To Maintaining Blackbeard's Terrifying Facial Hair

Born Edward Teach, Blackbeard was arguably the most terrifying pirate in the world and he built his reputation on hemp. In the early eighteenth century, before Blackbeard captured any ship he'd weave hemp into his long dark beard and under his captain hat. Once he lit the hemp on fire, smoke billowed out from his face and made his opponents fear for their lives. In addition to his burning beard, Blackbeard also wore a crimson coat and carried at least two swords, pistols, and knives at all times.

Insurance Payments For Injured Pirates Came Out Of Everyone's Loot

Although experts debate just how democratic pirate groups were, they were surprisingly progressive when it came to the spoils of their enterprises. They created a sort of insurance fund for injured pirates. This meant that if a member of a group become injured, they were still able to reap the benefits of a successful campaign. Individual group charter articles identified the amount of loot to be paid to injured pirates. Spoils were gathered together in the aftermath of an attack. Injured pirates all received the amount specified in their charter, and the rest of the group divided the remainder among themselves.

Pirates Created A Drink That Prevented Certain Diseases

Credit for the invention of grog goes to sailors in the British Navy who first started making the drink some time in the 1600s. To avoid drinking slimy water contaminated with algae and microbes, the sailors mixed rum into their water. In 1731, the British Navy gave each sailor half a pint of rum per day. That was equivalent to over five shots of alcohol. Pirates borrowed the recipe for grog and made it legendary by adding lemon juice which helped prevent scurvy and sugar for a better taste.

Pirates Could Be Upstanding Members Of The Land-Side Community

The prevailing image of pirates has them as swashbuckling, lawless individuals who sail in groups on the open ocean and were despised by those who lived on land. But, while they were prone to violence and did exist mostly on the seas, pirates could still participate in family and community activities on land. There are records of prominent pirates, such as Captain Kidd, contributing to social organizations on land as "prominent members of Colonial society." For example, Captain Kidd helped found Trinity Episcopal Church and also commissioned a pew in the church specifically for his family.

Most Pirates Didn't Bury Their Treasure

Even though it's easy to picture a pirate burying treasure on a tropical island, only one pirate, Captain Kidd, was ever recorded as having buried treasure. Kidd deposited his loot off the coast of Long Island but the scheme backfired when an ally dug up the trove and used it as proof to convict Kidd of piracy.

There Were Women Pirates, Too

Women also took to the seas to make their fortunes. One pair, Anne Bonny and Mary Read, sailed together on the pirate ship Revenge in 1720. Anne Bonny even served as first mate. Some, like Mary Read, chose to dress as men to hide their identities. Unfortunately, their ship was captured and both women ended up in jail.

Walking The Plank Was Mostly A Myth

While there is some evidence pirates did use walking the plank as a form of psychological torture, there is not enough evidence to prove it was a widespread practice. It became popular thanks to the rise of pirates in entertainment in the 19^th Century. There were plenty of other ways pirates killed people, and some of it involved forms of torture. But for the most part, anyone they wanted to execute was killed quickly and swiftly.

The Most Famous Pirates Probably Weren't The Most Successful Pirates

In a strange but sensible irony, the pirates whose names have made their way through the decades of history to the present day probably weren't the most successful pirates. The pirates whose names we know were the ones who were captured and tried in court. The court proceedings were published making their exploits legendary.

Pirates Mostly Stole Booze and Weapons

There's a good reason why most pirates didn't bury their treasure. Unlike what was shown in movies, most of their loot wasn't gold and jewels. Pirates typically stole food, alcohol, and weapons, in addition to lumber, cloth, and animal hides—essentially whatever ships might be carrying across the Atlantic. Those goods weren't worth much if buried so pirates used them immediately or sold them.

Marooning People Was A Real Thing

Pirates did actually maroon people on isolated land masses when they did something wrong. It was considered one of the worst ways to die, because it was slow. Typically those marooned were disgraced pirates who violated the rules of a ship. He would be placed on an isolated sandbar with just the clothes on his back, a small portion of water, and a weapon. Pirates who were marooned had the option to kill themselves with their weapon, but it was widely considered cowardly. Some men actually managed to survive being marooned if they were rescued by a different pirate crew, but that was very rare. 

10 Things You May Not Know About Vikings

So…you think you know all about the Vikings?  Those seafaring Scandinavians who raided and settled coastal sites in the British Isles and beyond between the 9^th and 11^th centuries?  You've watched the movies and television shows, have been exposed to the caricatures and stereotypes.  But I'll bet there's a lot about the Vikings you don't know.

1)  Vikings Didn't Wear Horned Helmets

Forget all those Viking warrior costumes you've seen in those movies, television shows, and pictures seen with the characters wearing those elaborate horned helmets.  Descriptions from the Viking age don't mention it and the only authentic Viking helmet ever discovered is horn-free.  This concept seems to have originated with painters in the 19^th century, possibly inspired by ancient Norse and Germanic priests who wore horned helmets for ceremonial purposes long before the Viking Age.

2)  Vikings Were Known For Their Excellent Hygiene

What with all that boat rowing and decapitating their enemies, the logical assumption would be that Viking men must have stunk.  However, excavations of Viking sites have revealed tweezers, razors, combs and ear cleaners made from animal bones and antlers.  Vikings also bathed at least once a week, much more often than other Europeans of that time period.

3)  Vikings Used A Unique Liquid To Start Fires

The Vikings collected a fungus called touchwood from tree bark and boiled it for several days in urine then pounded it into a substance similar to felt.  The sodium nitrate in urine allowed the material to smolder instead of burn.  This gave the Vikings the availability of taking the fire with them on the go.

4)  Vikings Buried Their Dead In Boats

The Viking's boats were very important to them so it was a great honor to be buried in one.  It was believed that the vessels that served them well in life would see them safely to their final destination.

5)  Vikings Were Active In The Slave Trade

Many Vikings became rich through human trafficking.  They captured and enslaved women and young men while rampaging through Anglo-Saxon, Celtic and Slavic settlements then sold them in giant slave markets in Europe and the Middle East.

6)  Viking Women Enjoyed Some Basic Rights

Viking girls married at age 12 and took care of the household while their husbands sailed off on adventures.  However, they had more freedom than other women of their era.  They could inherit property, request a divorce and reclaim their dowries if their marriage ended.

7)  Viking Men Spent Most Of Their Time Farming

Most Viking men swung scythes rather than swords.  True, some were callous pirates who only left their boats long enough to burn villages but most planted crops and raised cattle, goats, pigs and sheep on their small farms.

8)  Vikings Skied For Fun

Scandinavians developed primitive skis approximately 6000 years ago.  By the Viking age, Norsemen regarded skiing as an efficient way to get around and a popular recreation activity.  They even worshiped Ullr, the god of skiing.

9)  Viking Men Preferred Being Blond

Brunette Vikings, usually men, used strong soap with a high lye content to bleach their hair and in some regions also their beards.  These treatments also helped with a health and hygiene problem—head lice.

10)  Vikings Were Never Part Of A Unified Group

They probably didn't even call themselves Vikings.  The term simply referred to all Scandinavians who took part in overseas expeditions.  During the Viking Age, the land that is now Denmark, Norway and Sweden was a patchwork of tribes that often fought against each other…when they weren't busy creating havoc on foreign shores.

North America Before Christopher Columbus

I think the first thing to note is that, in spite of centuries of belief to the contrary, Christopher Columbus did not technically discover America. In three voyages to the 'new world' he never once set foot on the North American continent. His initial voyage was a search for a sea route to Japan and the far East. However, he unexpectedly ran into land way short of his initial goal. In three voyages, he never got beyond the islands of the Caribbean.

When Columbus arrived in the new world in 1492, later referred to as America, the land he supposedly discovered was not an empty vast wilderness. It was a land already inhabited. The natives of America had migrated across the Bering Strait and settled into warmer areas of the continent. More than 75 million people lived in the new world consisting of the North and South American continents, 25 million of whom lived in North America.

About 3 thousand years ago, 2 thousand years before Christ, the Hopi Indians who live in what is now New Mexico were building cliff dwellings, farming and creating villages. When Julius Caesar was conquering Western Europe, an Indian culture called the Moundbuilders were making huge structures out of the earth in what is now the Ohio Valley. One of these structures was said to be over three miles long. The area served as a trading post of sorts, where people came from the West, the Gulf of Mexico and the Midwest for trade and the exchange of goods. So you can see, a system of trade and commerce existed before Columbus even set sail in search of the new route to the far East.

The Iroquois occupied what is now Pennsylvania and upstate New York. They lived in villages and had a very sophisticated social system, which was in many ways superior to the European culture. The land was worked in common and it was owned by the whole nation. Women held a high place in the Iroquois culture. Family names were tied to the women, not the man. If a man married, he joined the family of his wife. Women farmed the land while the men hunted for fish and game.

Power was shared by men and women and the European concept of male dominance was absent in the Iroquois culture. Children were not punished harshly and were taught equality in possessions. This was in direct contrast to the severe society of the Puritans and what the Europeans brought to the New World. The Europeans were a society of rich and poor, controlled by priests, governors and male heads of families. The Iroquois society had no laws, sheriffs, judges or juries, yet boundaries of behavior existed. If someone stole food or shamed their family, they were banished until they had morally atoned for their actions. They had no written language. Their history was passed on by oral tradition. This kind of community lasted long after the native people (referred to as Indians by the European explorers) were conquered.

Although the Iroquois Confederacy's Great Law of Peace did not directly serve as the basis for the U.S. Constitution, it is widely acknowledged that their political structure and principles influenced the thinking of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America—specifically the Iroquois model of a confederation of sovereign nations, a system of checks and balances, and consensus-based decision-making resonated with some of the framers of the Constitution.

This was the land Columbus is given credit for discovering—a land whose people were already highly evolved and successful rather than the savages Europeans assumed them to be. 

The Dodo Bird

You've probably heard the expression 'dumb as a dodo bird.' Is a dodo bird really dumb? Or, for that matter, does the dodo bird even exist in real life? Some considered the bird to be a myth.

The dodo is an extinct flightless bird native to the island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. Not only were they flightless, their existence was also restricted to Mauritius because they weren't suited to the ocean. Unlike penguins, another flightless bird, the dodo did not have flippers or webbed feet allowing them to navigate the ocean.

The first recorded mention of the dodo was by Dutch sailors in 1598. During the ensuing years, it was hunted by sailors as a food source and also by invading species that arrived with the sailor's ships such as cats and pigs. Other invading species also included the rats that arrived as 'stowaways' on the ships. The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo was in 1662. Its rush toward extinction wasn't immediately noticed. Long held beliefs said the bird's extinction was due to over hunting by man.

Fossil remains show the dodo stood about 2-2.5ft tall and may have weighed 23-39 pounds. What the dodo actually looked like relies on paintings, drawings, and written accounts from the 17^th century. The portraits varied widely from one artist to another. Since only some of the illustrations are known to have been drawn from live specimens, the dodo's exact appearance is uncertain.

A large amount of subfossil has been collected on Mauritius, mostly from the swamp area. The extinction of the dodo less than a century after its discovery brought a considerable amount of attention to the previously unrecognized problem of human involvement in the disappearance of entire species. A recent concept holds that the extinction of the dodo bird was not due primarily to hunting my man. Since the dodo was flightless, its nests were on the ground rather than up in the tree branches. A more accepted theory is their extinction was greatly hastened by the raiding of their nests and destruction of their eggs primarily by rats that quickly colonized the island.

Current studies are under way to attempt the recreation/resurrection of the dodo from DNA found in a dodo skull combined with DNA from the dodo's closest living relative, the Nicobar pigeon.

The dodo achieved widespread recognition from its role in Lewis Carroll's 1865 book, Alice's Adventures In Wonderland. It has also become a fixture in popular culture, often as a symbol of extinction and obsolescence. 

Guest Blog Lynda Rees and her new release The Attic, A Flip or Flop Mystery

This week, I'm turning my blog over to a guest author--Lynda Rees. Lynda will be telling us about her writing and introducing us to her new release, The Attic, the latest addition to her Flip or Flop Mystery series. Release date for The Attic is scheduled for Wednesday, July 16, 2025.

Thanks so much, Samantha, for having me as a guest and allowing me to share the news about my newest release, The Attic, A Flip or Flop Mystery. I started writing the Flip or Flop Series with Flip or Flop, Murder House because my husband was a builder. He and I remodeled several houses together for resale. I write about strong women in dire circumstances and small-town heroines and heroes. So, Charli Owens was born. Charli is a professional female contractor who swore off good looking men until she butted heads with competitor Eli Lange. Charli is business and family focused, taking care of her younger brother since she was sixteen and trying to wrangle her unorthodox, retired, rock-n-roll singer grandmother. Eli is family focused, having sold his successful construction company to move to small town rural Sweetwater, KY to help his sister with her four-year-old daughter while her husband served in a war zone. He has never had time for romance, only work. Now he gets to focus on his craft instead of spreadsheets.

Book 1:  Flip or Flop, Murder House – Charli remodels the scene of a murder-suicide and finds more danger and intrigue than the law allows. 

Book 2:  Rock Starr Baby Daddy, A Flip or Flop Mystery – Gran’s baby daddy shows up on their doorstep to make amends for a bad breakup, unaware he’s Charli’s grandfather, or that he’s soon to be accused of two murders. 

Book 3:  The Attic, A Flip or Flop Mystery - Rehabbers Charli Owens and fiancé, Eli Lange, remodel an historic mansion suspected of being haunted. Secret tunnels, hidden chambers, unexplained happenings, and a killer on the loose ignite Charli's curiosity. Enlisting her ex-rock-and-roll singer grandmother’s help, she delves into clues police ignore. Unravelling the property's notorious history, they become embroiled in a murder case and a major criminal operation that puts Charli's life in danger. 

Coming Next:  Cold Case, A Flip or Flop Mystery

 

THE ATTIC INSPIRATION

As a child I played with a friend whose family had inherited an old mansion that had been in their family for many generations. The pre-Civil War home sat high above town about three miles uphill from the Ohio River. The owner of a huge plantation surrounding it built it as his family home. The house was unique for this tiny riverside town, and I found its notorious history and many hidden secrets within its walls fascinating.

Behind the house, the steep hill was a perfect location for our toboggan and sled riding, as long as we hit the right spot at the bottom and not the small creek. Beyond that lay another hill of heavy woodlands. As a mountain-born child, I was intrigued by the woods instead of fearful. I led many hikes through them to the lake on the other side. It had once, along with all of the property around it, been part of the plantation. It had been sold off and converted to a pay-by-the-day fishing lake.

The mansion had been converted into three apartments occupied by my friend’s family and her relatives. Windows were floor to ceiling leaded glass. The woodworking throughout was elaborate and hand carved, and at the fireplaces were a marvel to my young eyes.

The only parts of the house not inhabited, by the living at least, were the basement and the incredible foyer.

The three-story-high ceiling sported a carved round cornice that displayed the enormous crystal chandelier. The room was as large as my home’s living room, dining room, and kitchen combined. The floor was white marble, as were the steps on the swirling staircase that led to the second and third-floor landings. We dressed our Barbie dolls in evening attire and pretended they were strolling down them to meet their dates for the prom or some other elegant event.

A rock and mortar walled basement occupied the space beneath the whole house, but the rooms’ concrete floors were bone dry. Its hilltop location helped with this, I’m sure. Tunnels had been built with the intention of making it simple for workers to bring goods, water and ice into the house and refuse without disturbing the residents. My innate curiosity would have coaxed me to explore these caverns; had they not been long since sealed for safety. A gigantic, solid steel door attached to surrounding rock walls with bolts broader than my hand.

These tunnels are part of the fabric of our United States history. Escaping slaves from the south were slipped into the house where they were hidden away in secret rooms using concealed staircases until they could be ushered through the other tunnel that led the long distance to the banks of the Ohio River. From there, they loaded onboard boats and were taken across the water to freedom in Ohio.

My fascination with this house and its history has stayed with me throughout my life. It is the inspiration for my newest and thirtieth novel, a mystery called The Attic, A Flip or Flop Mystery.

In The Attic, rehabber Charli Owens, and her retired rock-and-roll singer grandmother delve into an eerie historic mansion’s notorious history and put their lives in danger.

Lynda Rees is available to speak to your reader or other group and can provide writing workshops on various subjects. If you need a speaker, reach out to her at lyndareesauthor@gmail.com . Join Lynda Rees's fan club to stay on top of the many works she has in the hopper for you. You will receive a free eBook at  https://preview.mailerlite.com/t1a6j6    

There’s more about the author and her work at https://www.LyndaReesAuthor.com  

The Attic is available in eBook and print at:

AMZ          Amazon.com: The Attic (A Flip or Flop Mystery Book 1) eBook : Rees, Lynda : Books

B&N          The Attic by Lynda Rees | eBook | Barnes & Noble®

It’s also available in audiobook at:

Direct         https://payhip.com/b/VN1Tl

Or wherever you buy eBook, print or audiobooks. 

9 DANGEROUS SCIENTIFIC WORK LOCATIONS

When you hear the word scientist, it usually conjures an image of a sterile room with a person in a white lab coat surrounded by test tubes, Bunsen burners, and beakers with bubbling lab experiments. But in reality, there are many scientists working in various fields of discovery whose lab is far removed from that stereotypical image—scientists who do their work in the field. I read an article about scientists who work on location rather than in a lab…the ones whose labs are out there, in dangerous places and situations where most of us would never go.

So, in no particular order, here are nine of these dangerous scientific work locations.

1)  Inside Volcanoes

When you think of geologists your first thought is usually the study of rocks and various landforms, something safe and basically stable. But for the branch of this particular science known as volcanology, things are definitely less stable and a certainly hotter. Having been to Mt. St. Helens, Washington, after the explosive eruption and viewing the devastation first hand, I'm very familiar with the story of David Johnston, the thirty-year-old volcanologist who was on duty at the time and was one of the fifty-seven people who died in the eruption. Volcanologists study the intense heat and chaos inside active volcanoes, and not long ago a team of three researchers descended inside the Marum Volcano on Ambrym Island off the coast of Australia to study lava flows inside. Wearing a heat-resistant suit, one of them descended 1200 feet into the volcano's crater to capture video footage of the lava's movement. Normally, scientists use robotic cameras mounted to small helicopters or drones to do this extremely dangerous work.

2) Tornado Country

The movie Twister gave us a good look at what storm chasers do, and those who live in the part of the U.S. referred to as Tornado Alley see the results of their work on the news when the storm conditions are present that produce tornadoes. Collecting data on storms is a tough process. Getting close to a tornado is risky even on a good day, and self-proclaimed storm chasers run that risk all the time. Even with technology such as Doppler radar giving us the overall picture of a severe storm, some scientists claim there is some data that can only be gathered at ground level. One of the most noted tornado researchers, Tim Samaras, routinely drove in front of tornadoes to place cameras and pressure sensors to record the velocities of objects swept up by the storm. Unfortunately, in 2013 Samaras, his son, and another storm chaser died in an Oklahoma tornado.

3) Biosafety Level 4 Labs

For the last few years, the news has been primarily about the Coronavirus/COVID which was elevated to the status of a pandemic with ultimately millions of people dying worldwide. Laboratories that deal with germs and diseases that can be dangerous or fatal to humans are given a biosafety rating from one to four. Facilities that deal with Level four are where the really bad stuff happens. One of the most notable is the NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) integrated research facility located at Fort Detrick, Maryland (pictured here). The laboratory is housed in a three-story office building—an airtight, pressurized environment restricted to only a select number of researchers. The facility has airlocks that separate it from the outside world and anything that leads outside the building, such as light fixtures or electrical outlets, is sealed in epoxy to prevent even a single germ from escaping. Scientists are given a seven-minute showering with virus-killing chemicals before they leave.

However, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), under the control of Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., did order a temporary "stand-down" of research activities at the facility. This pause in research, which began in late April 2025, halted all research activities and limited access to essential personnel only. While the facility was not permanently closed, the stand-down caused concern within the global health community due to the facility's role in studying high-consequence pathogens like Ebola and Lassa fever. 

4)  Underwater Caves

The ocean is a massive mystery to humanity, covering the majority of the Earth's surface. Even though it's part of our planet, we seem to know more about outer space than we do the depths of our oceans. One of the most interesting areas under the ocean's surface are known as blue holes, underwater caves that can reach as deep as six hundred feet below sea level. These caves have difficult topography. They vary in size from massive, sprawling caverns to holes barely big enough to admit a human. Diving there can be very dangerous with unpredictable currents. Despite the dangers, scientific rewards are huge with both biological and archaeological finds waiting to be discovered.

5)  Tree Canopies

Forest ecosystems are made up of distinct layers, each with its own climate and variety of plants and animals. It's a simple task to study the layers nearest the ground, but botanists have lots of questions about what's happening up above. And that's where canopy research comes in. Scientists at Humboldt State University climb to the top of trees that can exceed 350 feet in height, anchoring their bodies to the trunk. From that risky perch they can observe the canopy ecosystem…as long as they don't lose their balance. At the top of the trees, researchers have discovered a whole ecosystem of moss, lichens, and even whole new trees and bushes growing from dead stumps.

6)  Amundsen-Scott Station

Originally built by the United States government in 1956, the Amundsen-Scott Station sits squarely on the south pole. With temperatures ranging from minus 13.6 degrees Celsius (minus 56.48 Fahrenheit) on a nice day to minus 82.8 degrees Celsius (minus 181.04 Fahrenheit) when winter is in high gear, it's one of the most inhospitable regions on the planet. Even though blizzards and intense winds are common, astronomers spend months at the station because the six months of total darkness during winter makes Amundsen-Scott a perfect place to observe the night sky. Other researchers study the movements of the Antarctic ice sheet—the station itself moves about thirty-three feet a year as the ice drifts.

7)  Aquarius Lab

Operated by the National Oceanic and Aeronautic Administration, this deep-sea science station comes with a little twist. The human body is only capable of staying underwater for a short period at a time because decompression sickness (commonly referred to as the bends) can cause incredible damage when gas bubbles form in the body and disrupt tissue. Some scientists have long-term research projects that need to happen in deep water, so they do it at the Aquarius Lab. This facility rests on the sea floor outside of Key Largo, Florida, at a depth of fifty feet. Researchers spend up to ten days at a time underwater studying the nearby coral reefs.

8)  Inside Hurricanes

Here's another meteorological condition where some scientists like to get a little too close. The National Oceanic and Aeronautic Administration employs a number of flight meteorologists who take airplanes into the eyes of hurricanes to gather data on the storm's strength and direction. They use two planes—one is a Gulfstream G-4 that has the easy job of circling the storm's funnel, the second is a smaller propeller plane that actually penetrates the fast-moving wind to fly right to the eye of the storm. In addition to using Doppler radar on the plane's tail, they also release a device called a dropsonde that transmits pressure and humidity data.

9)  Outer Space

And finally…there is literally no environment as hostile to the human body as the vacuum of space. Long-term weightlessness has negative effects on muscle tone, bone density, and the immune system. Exposure to radiation in low-earth orbit comes at levels ten times higher than the normal dose on the Earth's surface. And there's also the fact that outer space doesn't have any of that oxygen stuff our bodies need in order to function—to literally stay alive. Experimentation in outer space has led to a number of fascinating discoveries in fields as diverse as astronomy and cancer medicine.

And there you have a sampling of dangerous locations some scientists refer to as their lab (minus those white lab coats, of course).