This week I have more about ghosts, goblins, and things
that go bump in the night. Starting with
the ancient origins of the Halloween holiday, some superstitions and then a bit
about the history of Jack O'Lanterns.
The roots of Halloween date back 2000 years to the ancient
Celtic festival of Samhain (pronounced sow-in, rhymes with cow). The Celts lived in what is now Ireland,
United Kingdom, and northern France.
They celebrated their new year on November 1, the day marking the end of
summer and the harvest and the beginning of the dark winter. They believed that on the night before the
new year, the boundary between the worlds of the living and the dead wasn't
clearly defined. On the night of October
31 they celebrated Samhain, a time when they believed the spirits of the dead
returned to earth.
By 43A.D., the Romans had conquered most of the Celtic
territory. During the next four hundred
years, the Roman festivals of Feralia and Pomona were combined with the
traditional celebration of Samhain. In
the seventh century, Pope Boniface IV declared November 1st to be
All Saints' Day. It's believed today
that the pope was trying to replace the Celtic festival with a church
sanctioned holiday. The celebration was
also called All-hallows. So, the night
before it, the night of Samhain, was called All-Hallows Eve.
In 1000A.D., the church declared November 2nd All
Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead. It
was celebrated similarly to Samhain with big bonfires, parades, and dressing up
in costumes. Together the three
celebrations—the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls'—were called
Hallowmas and eventually Halloween.
Halloween has always been a holiday filled with mystery,
magic and superstition. It began as a
Celtic end-of-summer festival during which people felt especially close to deceased
relatives and friends. They set places
at the table and left treats on doorsteps for these friendly spirits. They also lit candles to help their loved
ones find their way back to the spirit world.
Today's Halloween ghosts are usually depicted as scarier, as are our
customs and superstitions.
And speaking of superstitions…have you ever wondered about
where these strange beliefs came from?
British author Harry Oliver wrote a book titled Black Cats and Four-Leaf Clovers where he explores the origins of
superstitions and old wives' tales from around the world. Here are a few of his observations.
Black Cats Bring Bad
Luck: black cats have been linked to
witchcraft through the centuries which is why many people think they're
unlucky. If a cat crosses your path,
it's considered unlucky. However, if a
cat walks toward you, it's a good omen.
Carrots Are Good For
Your Eyesight: although studies have
shown that the vitamin A in carrots is good for your eyes, the vegetable isn't
enough to create 20/20 vision. Many
believe that it was a smart attempt by parents to get their children to eat
vegetables. There is another belief that
it started during World War II. It was
rumored that British pilots were eating huge amounts of carrots so they could
see from high altitudes and in the dark.
The rumor was created to keep the public from discovering that radar had
been invented and was being used against the enemy.
Wear Your Underwear
Inside Out: when you're having a bad
day, superstition says that if you turn your underwear inside out things will
get better. No one is sure where this
one came from, but is likely the result of a wild college fraternity party.
In Ireland and Scotland, people began to make their own
versions by carving scary faces into turnips and potatoes, and in England they
used large beets. Immigrants from these
countries brought the tradition with them to the United States where they soon
found that pumpkins made the perfect Jack O'Lantern.
Do you have a favorite costume this year? Are you planning on going to a party? Leave me a comment about your Halloween
plans.